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<ul class="summary">
    
    

    

    
        
        
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="../">
            
                <a href="../">
            
                    
                    Preface
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.2" data-path="./">
            
                <a href="./">
            
                    
                    Chapter One  - The decline of the Hohenstaufen power during Konradin's childhood
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.1" data-path="section1.html">
            
                <a href="section1.html">
            
                    
                    Introduction
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter active" data-level="1.2.2" data-path="section2.html">
            
                <a href="section2.html">
            
                    
                    Birth, name, impressions in the first years of Konradin's childhood
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3" data-path="section3.html">
            
                <a href="section3.html">
            
                    
                    Ludwig von Baiern
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4" data-path="section4.html">
            
                <a href="section4.html">
            
                    
                    Dispute over Sicily and securing the kingdom by Manfred
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.5" data-path="section5.html">
            
                <a href="section5.html">
            
                    
                    German question of the throne after the death of Wilhelm of Holland and negotiations between Duke Ludwig and Richard of Cornwall
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.6" data-path="section6.html">
            
                <a href="section6.html">
            
                    
                    Relations with Swabia
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.7" data-path="section7.html">
            
                <a href="section7.html">
            
                    
                    Usurpation Manfreds
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.3" data-path="../chapter02/">
            
                <a href="../chapter02/">
            
                    
                    Chapter Two - New prospects and successes
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1" data-path="../chapter02/section1.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter02/section1.html">
            
                    
                    Second marriage of Konradin's mother
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2" data-path="../chapter02/section2.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter02/section2.html">
            
                    
                    New relations with the Pope and the Tuscan Guelphs
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3" data-path="../chapter02/section3.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter02/section3.html">
            
                    
                    Interferences in the rights of the empire and thereby tension with Richard of Cornwall
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4" data-path="../chapter02/section4.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter02/section4.html">
            
                    
                    Taking possession of the Swabian duchy, Swabian counts, lords, prelates, ministerials
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5" data-path="../chapter02/section5.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter02/section5.html">
            
                    
                    Course of education and poetry attempts
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="../chapter03/">
            
                <a href="../chapter03/">
            
                    
                    Chapter Three - Reich Policy
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1" data-path="../chapter03/section1.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter03/section1.html">
            
                    
                    The elective plan of 1262
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2" data-path="../chapter03/section2.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter03/section2.html">
            
                    
                    New intervention in the Reichsgut
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3" data-path="../chapter03/section3.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter03/section3.html">
            
                    
                    Continuation of the Italian plans
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4" data-path="../chapter03/section4.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter03/section4.html">
            
                    
                    Internal politics of the following years
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5" data-path="../chapter03/section5.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter03/section5.html">
            
                    
                    Convergence of Urban IV with Konradin
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6" data-path="../chapter03/section6.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter03/section6.html">
            
                    
                    Resumption of Reich politics: acquisition of Nuremberg
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7" data-path="../chapter03/section7.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter03/section7.html">
            
                    
                    Election aspirations from 1265, 1266
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="../chapter04/">
            
                <a href="../chapter04/">
            
                    
                    Chapter Four - Guelfan Reaction in Italy
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1" data-path="../chapter04/section1.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter04/section1.html">
            
                    
                    Italy at the time of the battle of Benevento
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2" data-path="../chapter04/section2.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter04/section2.html">
            
                    
                    Submission of Sicily to Karl von Anjou and the earliest relations of the Hohenstaufen partisans there to Konradin
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3" data-path="../chapter04/section3.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter04/section3.html">
            
                    
                    Clement IV. As the center of the Guelfan reaction in imperial Italy
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4" data-path="../chapter04/section4.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter04/section4.html">
            
                    
                    The Mark of Ancona
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5" data-path="../chapter04/section5.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter04/section5.html">
            
                    
                    Tuscany: Lucca
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6" data-path="../chapter04/section6.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter04/section6.html">
            
                    
                    Florence and the smaller cities
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7" data-path="../chapter04/section7.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter04/section7.html">
            
                    
                    Siena
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.8" data-path="../chapter04/section8.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter04/section8.html">
            
                    
                    Pisa
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.9" data-path="../chapter04/section9.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter04/section9.html">
            
                    
                    Northern Italy: the opponents of Margrave Pelavicini's strength gain in strength: Milan
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.10" data-path="../chapter04/section10.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter04/section10.html">
            
                    
                    Karl von Anjou
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.11" data-path="../chapter04/section11.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter04/section11.html">
            
                    
                    Wilhelm von Montferrat
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.12" data-path="../chapter04/section12.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter04/section12.html">
            
                    
                    the Guelphs in eastern northern Italy, in Emilia and Romagna
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.13" data-path="../chapter04/section13.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter04/section13.html">
            
                    
                    the defection of Brescia and the reaction after the battle of Benevento
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.14" data-path="../chapter04/section14.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter04/section14.html">
            
                    
                    Hubert Pelavicini and his equalization policy in Cremona and Piacenza
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.15" data-path="../chapter04/section15.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter04/section15.html">
            
                    
                    Pavia
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.16" data-path="../chapter04/section16.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter04/section16.html">
            
                    
                    Mastino della Scala and Verona
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.17" data-path="../chapter04/section17.html">
            
                <a href="../chapter04/section17.html">
            
                    
                    Venice and Genoa
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="../chapter05/README.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Chapter Five - The last year in Germany
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.1" data-path="../chapter05/section1.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Beginning of the farm day in Augsburg
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2" data-path="../chapter05/section2.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Personality of Konradin
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3" data-path="../chapter05/section3.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Agreements with the bishop and citizens of Augsburg
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.4" data-path="../chapter05/section4.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Konradin's marriage
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.5" data-path="../chapter05/section5.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Decision of the military expedition to Italy
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.6" data-path="../chapter05/section6.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Negotiations about Elisabeth's Wittum
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.7" data-path="../chapter05/section7.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Konradin's policy in financial terms
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.8" data-path="../chapter05/section8.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Renewed interventions in imperial law
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="../chapter06/README.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Chapter Six - Progress of the Italian Party Movement
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.1" data-path="../chapter06/section1.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Konradin's agitation in Italy
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.2" data-path="../chapter06/section2.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Turnaround in the Kingdom of Sicily due to the internal politics of Charles of Anjou: Charles' personality
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.3" data-path="../chapter06/section3.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Opposition of the barons because of foreign rule
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.4" data-path="../chapter06/section4.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Discontent in the people due to the tax pressure
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.5" data-path="../chapter06/section5.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Conradin's negotiations with the Sicilian barons
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.6" data-path="../chapter06/section6.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Posting of Konrad Capece to Pisa
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.7" data-path="../chapter06/section7.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Development of the Tuszian party relations up to the interference of Charles: Mediation policy of Florence
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.8" data-path="../chapter06/section8.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Schroff Ghibelline attitude of Siena
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.9" data-path="../chapter06/section9.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Conflict between the Pisans and Karl von Anjou
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.10" data-path="../chapter06/section10.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Propaganda for Konradin
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.11" data-path="../chapter06/section11.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Entry of Charles' troops in Tuscany
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.12" data-path="../chapter06/section12.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Guelf reaction in Florence and in the smaller Tuscan cities
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.13" data-path="../chapter06/section13.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Prospects of the two parties
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.14" data-path="../chapter06/section14.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Karl peacemaker and imperial vicar in Tuszien
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.15" data-path="../chapter06/section15.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Military operations of his marshal
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.16" data-path="../chapter06/section16.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Karl in Florence and before Poggibonzi
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.17" data-path="../chapter06/section17.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Meanwhile, the Ghibellines are strengthening and merging in all of Central Italy: Siena and Pisa
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.18" data-path="../chapter06/section18.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    the Mark Ancona 'and the Romagna
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.19" data-path="../chapter06/section19.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Henry of Castile's character and prehistory
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.20" data-path="../chapter06/section20.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    his election as Roman senator
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.21" data-path="../chapter06/section21.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    his counselors and his vicar Guido of Montefeltro
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.22" data-path="../chapter06/section22.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    his Roman urban policy
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.23" data-path="../chapter06/section23.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Hostilities against Charles of Anjou, connection with the Tuszian Ghibellines and with Konradin
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.24" data-path="../chapter06/section24.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Further decline in Ghibelline power in Lombardy: overthrow of the extreme Ghibelline party regiment in Cremona and Piacenza by Boso von Doara and the legates
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.25" data-path="../chapter06/section25.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Attempt of a moderate peace policy through a cooperative association of citizens
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.26" data-path="../chapter06/section26.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Fall and banishment Bosos
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.27" data-path="../chapter06/section27.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    By the Hohenstaufen Agi. tation new intensification of party antagonisms: the Guelfi League, Pavia, Ubertino
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.28" data-path="../chapter06/section28.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Attack of the Cremonese and Piacentines by Boso and Mastino della Scala
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.29" data-path="../chapter06/section29.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Guelfish reaction in Cremona and Piacenza
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.30" data-path="../chapter06/section30.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Siege of Bosos
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.31" data-path="../chapter06/section31.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Arrival of Konradin
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8" data-path="../chapter07/README.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Chapter Seven - From Augsburg to Verona
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.1" data-path="../chapter07/section1.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Konradin's Manifesto to the German Princes
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.2" data-path="../chapter07/section2.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Peace with Ottokar of Bohemia
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.3" data-path="../chapter07/section3.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Farewell to Duke Heinrich and Elisabeth
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.4" data-path="../chapter07/section4.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Expulsion of Bishop Egno from Trento and arrest of Gregory of Montelongo
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.5" data-path="../chapter07/section5.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    March over the Brenner
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.6" data-path="../chapter07/section6.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Moving into Verona
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.7" data-path="../chapter07/section7.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Surroundings of Konradin, Duke Friedrich of Austria
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.8" data-path="../chapter07/section8.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Chancellery and civil servants of Konradin
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.9" data-path="../chapter07/section9.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Ghibelline appendix in Northern Italy
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.10" data-path="../chapter07/section10.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Defensive position of the Guelphs
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.11" data-path="../chapter07/section11.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Unsuccessful advance Konrading on Brescia
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.12" data-path="../chapter07/section12.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Money shortage
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.13" data-path="../chapter07/section13.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Return of Duke Ludwig
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.14" data-path="../chapter07/section14.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Staufer successes in southern and central Italy in autumn 1267: Conradin's relations with Muslim rulers
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.15" data-path="../chapter07/section15.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Conquest of almost all of Sicily by Konrad Capece
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.16" data-path="../chapter07/section16.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Ghibel. Heinrich von Castile's lineage policy, his alliance with Konradin and the Ghibellines of Tuscany, the Pope's relationship with Henry
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.17" data-path="../chapter07/section17.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Weakening of the Guelfian defensive position in Lombardy due to the conflict in Brescia
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.18" data-path="../chapter07/section18.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Suggestions from the Pavesen to Konradin
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.19" data-path="../chapter07/section19.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Konradin's decision
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9" data-path="../chapter08/README.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Chapter Eight - Through Lombardy
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.1" data-path="../chapter08/section1.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Konradin's train to Pavia
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.2" data-path="../chapter08/section2.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Reception there and reinforcement
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.3" data-path="../chapter08/section3.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Military failures
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.4" data-path="../chapter08/section4.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Improving finances
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.5" data-path="../chapter08/section5.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Operations of Charles of Anjou: capture of Poggibonzi
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.6" data-path="../chapter08/section6.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Karl in Volterra
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.7" data-path="../chapter08/section7.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Action against Pisa: alliance negotiations with Genoa
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.8" data-path="../chapter08/section8.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Devastation of the Pisan area
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.9" data-path="../chapter08/section9.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Peace negotiations
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.10" data-path="../chapter08/section10.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Cover by Konrading arrival in Pavia
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.11" data-path="../chapter08/section11.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Charles's Lombard plans
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.12" data-path="../chapter08/section12.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Obstacles: Siege of Motrone
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.13" data-path="../chapter08/section13.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    the urging of the Pope
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.14" data-path="../chapter08/section14.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Survey by Lucera
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.15" data-path="../chapter08/section15.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Karl's money shortage
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.16" data-path="../chapter08/section16.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Renunciation of the Lombard plans
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.17" data-path="../chapter08/section17.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Blocking the Apennines
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.18" data-path="../chapter08/section18.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    States in the Kingdom and in the border areas
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.19" data-path="../chapter08/section19.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    last urging of the Pope and return of Charles
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.20" data-path="../chapter08/section20.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Konradin from Pavia to Pisa
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10" data-path="../chapter09/README.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Chapter Nine - Successes in Central Italy
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.1" data-path="../chapter09/section1.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Konradin in Pisa
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.2" data-path="../chapter09/section2.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    March of his army there
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.3" data-path="../chapter09/section3.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Staufischer appendix in Tuscany, armaments in Pisa
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.4" data-path="../chapter09/section4.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Countermeasures of the Pope
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.5" data-path="../chapter09/section5.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Despite the success of the Ghibellines in the Mark, Romagna and Rome
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.6" data-path="../chapter09/section6.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Charles's negotiations with Clement and his return to the kingdom
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.7" data-path="../chapter09/section7.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Energy and Confidence of the Pope
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.8" data-path="../chapter09/section8.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Excitement and political poetry in Tuscany
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.9" data-path="../chapter09/section9.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Konradin's train in the area of ​​Lucca
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.10" data-path="../chapter09/section10.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    His privilege to the Pisans
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.11" data-path="../chapter09/section11.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Train to Siena
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.12" data-path="../chapter09/section12.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Victory at Ponte a Valle
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.13" data-path="../chapter09/section13.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Ghibelline prospects in Tuscany
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.14" data-path="../chapter09/section14.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    From Siena to Rome
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.15" data-path="../chapter09/section15.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Reception in Rome
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.16" data-path="../chapter09/section16.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Armaments on land and at sea
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11" data-path="../chapter10/README.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Chapter Ten - The Decision
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.1" data-path="../chapter10/section1.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    The Kingdom Revolt: Siege of Lucera
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.2" data-path="../chapter10/section2.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Character of the civil war after the departure of Charles
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.3" data-path="../chapter10/section3.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    its extent in the individual provinces
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.4" data-path="../chapter10/section4.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Konradin's march to the Palentine field
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.5" data-path="../chapter10/section5.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Karl's operations
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.6" data-path="../chapter10/section6.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    The two armies before the battle
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.7" data-path="../chapter10/section7.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    List of troops
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.8" data-path="../chapter10/section8.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    The Battle
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12" data-path="../chapter11/README.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Chapter Eleven  - The End
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.1" data-path="../chapter11/section1.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Location of the Staufischen after the battle
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.2" data-path="../chapter11/section2.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Victory of the Pisan fleet at Milazzo
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.3" data-path="../chapter11/section3.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Konradin in Rome
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.4" data-path="../chapter11/section4.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    In Saracinesco
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.5" data-path="../chapter11/section5.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Capture of Henry of Castile
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.6" data-path="../chapter11/section6.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Konradin's attempted escape and capture in Astura
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.7" data-path="../chapter11/section7.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Transmission to Karl
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.8" data-path="../chapter11/section8.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Charles in Rome, execution of Galvano and Galeotto Lancia
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.9" data-path="../chapter11/section9.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Karl with the prisoners to Naples
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.10" data-path="../chapter11/section10.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Conradin's condemnation to death
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.11" data-path="../chapter11/section11.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Karl's motifs
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.12" data-path="../chapter11/section12.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Pardon of Henry of Castile
            
                </a>
            

            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.13" data-path="../chapter11/section13.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Position of the Pope
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.14" data-path="../chapter11/section14.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Preparing Konradin for death
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.15" data-path="../chapter11/section15.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Execution
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.16" data-path="../chapter11/section16.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Funeral
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.17" data-path="../chapter11/section17.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Impression on contemporaries, Italians, French, Spaniards, Germans
            
                </a>
            

            
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                    Conclusion
            
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        <a href=".." >Birth, name, impressions in the first years of Konradin's childhood</a>
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                                <h3 id="birth-name-impressions-in-the-first-years-of-konradins-childhood">Birth, name, impressions in the first years of Konradin&apos;s childhood</h3>
<p>When Conrad IV set out for Italy, he left his wife Elisabeth in safe care with her father, Duke Otto the Illustrious of Bavaria, and her brothers, the Bavarian heirs to the throne Ludwig and Heinrich. On the day of the Annunciation (March 25), 1252, she gave birth to a son in Wolfstein Castle, east of Landshut, who was given the name of his father. 1) Later he never called himself anything other than Konrad. In Italy, however <a href="p3"></a> the diminutive form Konradin (Corradino) became almost universal and also penetrated Germany, where it was not used by his opponents without a hint of contemptuous derision. After his death she set herself firmly to distinguish herself from his father.</p>
<p>With regard to the impressions that Konradin received from the outside in his early childhood, we understandably only have to rely on guesswork. Hard strokes of fate hit his mother. Within six months she lost her father, who died as a supporter of the Staufer under excommunication, and her husband. While her brothers came to rule over Bavaria and soon went to a division, Elisabeth lived with her son on one of Ludwig&apos;s castles. Mostly we find them in the moated castle 2) around which the Inn flows, once also in Dachau 3). Did Konradin really have such a gloomy childhood as was usually told? Certainly some things happened that revealed the terrible seriousness of life and made an indelible impression on the adults around him. The boy was not yet four years old when the terrible news spread that his uncle and protector, Duke Ludwig, had killed his own wife in anger and jealousy (Jan. 18, 1256). The general resentment and disgust for the perpetrator, 4 who very soon regretted his unjust haste, must also have a depressing effect on his relatives. - A year later the war against Ottokar von B&#xF6;hmen raged through the country. At that time, Ludwig willingly came to the aid of his brother Heinrich, the Duke of Niederbaiern. Soon, however, the friendly relationship between them loosened, and the incipient friction has certainly not infrequently bittered the mood of their relatives. Finally there were worries about the <a href="p4"></a> preservation of Konradin&apos;s rights. The assembled heads of families discussed important questions with their advisors about the boy&apos;s well-being, and there were serious and worried faces. But Konradin did not yet suspect the significance of the events around him; only occasionally did he experience its external effects, and so it would be rash to try to conclude from them an unhappy childhood. Certainly, after the death of her husband, the mother devoted double love and care to the upbringing of her only son, and contemporaries did not believe they had to pity him for a sorrowful youth like the more sentimental moderns: one of the greatest lyric poets of the time later admonished him not to the abundance of happiness that had been given to him early on, not to be overwhelmed.</p>

                                
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